Skip to main content
Ctrl+K
Panel 1.6.0 has just been released! Check out the release notes and support Panel by giving it a 🌟 on Github.
Panel v1.6.0 - Home Panel v1.6.0 - Home
  • Getting Started
  • Tutorials
  • Explanation
  • Component Gallery
  • How-to
    • App Gallery
    • API Reference
    • Community
    • Upgrade Guide
    • FAQ
    • About
    • Developer Guide
  • GitHub
  • Twitter
  • Discourse
  • Discord
  • Getting Started
  • Tutorials
  • Explanation
  • Component Gallery
  • How-to
  • App Gallery
  • API Reference
  • Community
  • Upgrade Guide
  • FAQ
  • About
  • Developer Guide
  • GitHub
  • Twitter
  • Discourse
  • Discord

FOR USERS

  • Getting Started
    • Installation
    • Build an App
    • Core Concepts
  • Tutorials
    • Basic Tutorials
      • Build Hello World App
      • Develop in a Notebook
      • Develop in an Editor
      • Display Content with pn.panel
      • Display Content with Panes
      • Display Performance with Indicators
      • Layout Content
      • Control the Size
      • Aligning Content
      • Accept Inputs with Widgets
      • React to User Input
      • Reactive Expressions
      • Utilize Templates
      • Apply a Design
      • Enhance the Style
      • Optimize Performance with Caching
      • Display Activity
      • Update Progressively
      • Build a Dashboard
      • Deploy a Dashboard
      • Build a Report
      • Build Animation
      • Build an Image Classifier
      • Build a Monitoring Dashboard
      • Build Crossfiltering Dashboard
      • Build Streaming Dashboard
      • Build a Chat Bot
      • Build a Todo App
    • Intermediate Tutorials
      • Reactive Parameters
      • Reusable Components
      • Interactivity
      • Structure with a DataStore
      • Develop in an Editor
      • Serve Apps
      • Advanced Layouts
      • Create a Form with HoloViz Panel
      • Build a Todo App
      • Testing the Todo App
      • Build a Server Side Video Camera Application
    • Expert Tutorials
      • Creating a MarioButton with AnyWidgetComponent
      • Creating a MarioButton with JSComponent
  • Explanation
    • Develop Seamlessly Across Environments
    • APIs
      • API context
        • Param in Panel
        • Reactivity in Panel
        • Functions vs. Classes
        • Reactive API
        • Declarative API
        • Callbacks
    • Components
      • Components overview
      • Custom components
    • Dependencies
      • Panel and Param
      • Panel and Bokeh
    • Technology comparisons
      • Panel vs Dash
      • Panel vs ipywidgets
      • Panel vs Voila
      • Panel vs Streamlit
      • Panel vs JavaScript
      • Panel vs Bokeh
  • Component Gallery
    • Panes
      • Alert
      • Audio
      • Bokeh
      • DataFrame
      • DeckGL
      • ECharts
      • Folium
      • GIF
      • HTML
      • HoloViews
      • IPyWidget
      • Image
      • JPG
      • JSON
      • LaTeX
      • Markdown
      • Matplotlib
      • PDF
      • PNG
      • Param
      • Perspective
      • Placeholder
      • Plotly
      • ReactiveExpr
      • Reacton
      • SVG
      • Str
      • Streamz
      • Textual
      • VTK
      • VTKJS
      • VTKVolume
      • Vega
      • Video
      • Vizzu
      • WebP
    • Widgets
      • ArrayInput
      • AutocompleteInput
      • Button
      • ButtonIcon
      • CheckBoxGroup
      • CheckButtonGroup
      • Checkbox
      • CodeEditor
      • ColorMap
      • ColorPicker
      • CrossSelector
      • DataFrame
      • DatePicker
      • DateRangePicker
      • DateRangeSlider
      • DateSlider
      • DatetimeInput
      • DatetimePicker
      • DatetimeRangeInput
      • DatetimeRangePicker
      • DatetimeRangeSlider
      • DatetimeSlider
      • Debugger
      • DiscretePlayer
      • DiscreteSlider
      • EditableFloatSlider
      • EditableIntSlider
      • EditableRangeSlider
      • FileDownload
      • FileDropper
      • FileInput
      • FileSelector
      • FloatInput
      • FloatSlider
      • IntInput
      • IntRangeSlider
      • IntSlider
      • JSONEditor
      • LiteralInput
      • MenuButton
      • MultiChoice
      • MultiSelect
      • NestedSelect
      • PasswordInput
      • Player
      • RadioBoxGroup
      • RadioButtonGroup
      • RangeSlider
      • Select
      • SpeechToText
      • StaticText
      • Switch
      • Tabulator
      • Terminal
      • TextAreaInput
      • TextEditor
      • TextInput
      • TextToSpeech
      • TimePicker
      • Toggle
      • ToggleGroup
      • ToggleIcon
      • VideoStream
    • Layouts
      • Accordion
      • Card
      • Column
      • Divider
      • Feed
      • FlexBox
      • FloatPanel
      • GridBox
      • GridSpec
      • GridStack
      • Modal
      • Row
      • Swipe
      • Tabs
      • WidgetBox
    • Chat
      • ChatAreaInput
      • ChatFeed
      • ChatInterface
      • ChatMessage
      • ChatStep
      • PanelCallbackHandler
    • Global
      • Notifications
    • Indicators
      • BooleanStatus
      • Dial
      • Gauge
      • LinearGauge
      • LoadingSpinner
      • Number
      • Progress
      • TooltipIcon
      • Tqdm
      • Trend
    • Templates
      • Bootstrap
      • EditableTemplate
      • FastGridTemplate
      • FastListTemplate
      • GoldenLayout
      • Material
      • React
      • Slides
      • Vanilla
    • Custom Components
      • AnyWidgetComponent
      • JSComponent
      • PyComponent
      • ReactComponent
      • Viewer
  • How-to
    • Prepare to develop
      • Develop in a notebook
        • Display Output in Notebooks
        • Preview Apps in JupyterLab
        • Publish a Notebook as a Dashboard Using the Layout Builder
        • Develop in other notebook environments
      • Develop in an editor
        • Configure VS Code
        • Configure PyCharm
        • Write apps in Markdown
    • Build apps
      • Construct individual components
        • Construct Panes
        • Access Pane Type
        • Access and Set Widget Values
        • Construct Widgets from Data
        • Add or Remove Components from Panels
      • Styling components
        • Apply a Design
        • Toggling themes
        • Apply CSS
        • Customize a Design
        • Customize Loading Icon
        • Control Visibility
        • Style Altair Plots
        • Style Echarts Plots
        • Style Matplotlib Plots
        • Style Plotly Plots
        • Style Vega Plots
      • Interactivity
        • Add interactivity to a function
        • Add interactivity with generators
        • Add reactivity to components
        • Make interactive data workflows
      • Arranging components
        • Customize Spacing
        • Align Components
        • Control Size
    • Use specialized UIs and APIs
      • Build a sequential UI
        • Create a Pipeline
        • Create a Non-Linear Pipeline
        • Customize Pipeline Layout
        • Control Pipeline Flow
      • Build custom components
        • Combine Existing Components
        • Build a Widget in Python
        • Plot Viewer
        • Reactive Tables
        • Compile and Bundle ESM Components
        • ESM component with callback
        • Create Panes using ESM Components
        • Create Custom Widgets using ESM Components
        • Create Custom Layouts using ESM Components
        • Rendering DataFrames using ESM components
        • Build a Custom Canvas Component
        • Build a Custom Leaflet Component
        • Wrapping Material UI components
        • Create Layouts With ReactiveHTML
        • Style your ReactiveHTML template
        • Create Panes with ReactiveHTML
        • Create Indicators With ReactiveHTML
        • ReactiveHTML component with callback
        • Widgets with ReactiveHTML
        • DataFrames and ReactiveHTML
        • Build a Custom Canvas Component
        • Build a Custom Leaflet Component
        • Wrap a Vue component
      • Explicitly link parameters (Callbacks API)
        • Create High-Level Python Links with .link
        • Create Low-Level Python Links Using .watch
        • Link Two Objects in Javascript
        • Link Plot Parameters in Javascript
        • Link Many Objects in Javascript
      • Generate UIs from declared parameters (Declarative API)
        • Generate Widgets from Parameters
        • Declare Custom Widgets
        • Declare parameter dependencies
        • Create nested UIs
    • Manage session tasks
      • Register Session Callbacks
        • Use Asynchronous Callbacks
        • Defer Bound Functions to Improve the User Experience
        • Defer Long Running Tasks to Improve the User Experience
        • Run Tasks at Session Start or End
        • Periodically Run Callbacks
        • Schedule Global Tasks
        • Modify Bokeh Models
        • Add notifications on connect and disconnect
      • Access Session State
        • Access and Manipulate the URL
        • Access HTTP Request State
        • Access Busyness state
    • Extending Panel
      • Create Custom Components
        • Combine Existing Components
        • Build a Widget in Python
        • Plot Viewer
        • Reactive Tables
        • Compile and Bundle ESM Components
        • ESM component with callback
        • Create Panes using ESM Components
        • Create Custom Widgets using ESM Components
        • Create Custom Layouts using ESM Components
        • Rendering DataFrames using ESM components
        • Build a Custom Canvas Component
        • Build a Custom Leaflet Component
        • Wrapping Material UI components
        • Create Layouts With ReactiveHTML
        • Style your ReactiveHTML template
        • Create Panes with ReactiveHTML
        • Create Indicators With ReactiveHTML
        • ReactiveHTML component with callback
        • Widgets with ReactiveHTML
        • DataFrames and ReactiveHTML
        • Build a Custom Canvas Component
        • Build a Custom Leaflet Component
        • Wrap a Vue component
    • Test and debug
      • Enable profiling and debugging
        • Enable the admin panel
        • Profile your Application
        • View application logs
      • Set up testing for an application
        • Test functionality and performance
        • Test UI rendering
        • Test operating capacity
    • Prepare to share
      • Apply Templates
        • Set a Template
        • Arrange Components in a Template
        • Toggle Modal
        • Customize Template Theme
        • Build a Custom Template
      • Improve Performance
        • Reuse sessions
        • Enable Throttling
        • Batching Updates with hold
      • Cache Data
        • Manually Cache
        • Automatically Cache
      • Improve Scalability
        • Load balancing
        • Launch multiple processes
        • Enable Automatic Threading
        • Set Up Manual Threading
        • Use Asynchronous Callbacks
        • Run synchronous functions asynchronously
        • Scaling with Dask
      • Best Practices
        • Developer Experience
        • User Experience
      • Add Authentication
        • Configuring Basic Authentication
        • Configuring PAM Authentication
        • Configuring OAuth
        • OAuth Providers
        • Authentication Templates
        • Accessing User information
        • Access Tokens
        • Authorization callbacks
        • Allowing Guest Users
    • Share your work
      • Configure the server
        • Launch a server on the command line
        • Launching a server dynamically
        • Serving multiple applications
        • Connect to a remote server via SSH
        • Configuring a reverse proxy
        • Serving static files
        • Add custom endpoints to the Panel Server
      • Integrate with other servers
        • Running Panel apps in FastAPI
        • Embedding a Panel Server in FastAPI
        • Integrating Panel with Flask
        • Running Panel apps inside Django
      • Deploy applications
        • AWS: Amazon Web Services
        • Microsoft Azure
        • MyBinder
        • Google Cloud Platform (GCP)
        • Heroku
        • Hugging Face
        • Ploomber Cloud
        • PyCafe Guide
      • Export apps
        • Embedding state
        • Save App to File
        • Access the Bokeh Model
      • Run panel in WebAssembly
        • Converting Panel applications
        • Using Panel in Pyodide & PyScript
        • Embedding in Sphinx documentation
        • Setting up JupyterLite
    • Migrate to Panel
      • Migrate from Streamlit
        • Serve Apps
        • Display Objects with Panes
        • Layout Objects
        • Accepting User Inputs with Widgets
        • Organize and Style with Templates
        • Show Activity
        • Add Interactivity with pn.bind
        • Improve the performance with Caching
        • Session State
        • Create Chat Interfaces
        • Multi Page Apps
  • App Gallery
    • Altair Brushing
    • Deckgl Game Of Life
    • Gapminders
    • Glaciers
    • Hvplot Explorer
    • Iris Kmeans
    • Nyc Deckgl
    • Penguin Crossfilter
    • Penguin Kmeans
    • Portfolio Analyzer
    • Portfolio Optimizer
    • Streaming Videostream
    • Vtk Interactive
    • Vtk Slicer
    • Vtk Warp
    • Webllm
    • Windturbines
    • Xgboost Classifier
  • API Reference
    • Cheat Sheet
    • Config
    • State
    • panel.auth module
    • panel.chat package
      • panel.chat.feed module
      • panel.chat.icon module
      • panel.chat.input module
      • panel.chat.interface module
      • panel.chat.langchain module
      • panel.chat.message module
      • panel.chat.step module
      • panel.chat.utils module
    • panel.command package
      • panel.command.bundle module
      • panel.command.compile module
      • panel.command.convert module
      • panel.command.oauth_secret module
      • panel.command.serve module
    • panel.compiler module
    • panel.config module
    • panel.custom module
    • panel.depends module
    • panel.io package
      • panel.io.admin module
      • panel.io.application module
      • panel.io.browser module
      • panel.io.cache module
      • panel.io.callbacks module
      • panel.io.compile module
      • panel.io.convert module
      • panel.io.datamodel module
      • panel.io.django module
      • panel.io.document module
      • panel.io.embed module
      • panel.io.fastapi module
      • panel.io.handlers module
      • panel.io.ipywidget module
      • panel.io.jupyter_executor module
      • panel.io.jupyter_server_extension module
      • panel.io.liveness module
      • panel.io.loading module
      • panel.io.location module
      • panel.io.logging module
      • panel.io.mime_render module
      • panel.io.model module
      • panel.io.notebook module
      • panel.io.notifications module
      • panel.io.profile module
      • panel.io.pyodide module
      • panel.io.reload module
      • panel.io.resources module
      • panel.io.rest module
      • panel.io.save module
      • panel.io.server module
      • panel.io.session module
      • panel.io.state module
      • panel.io.threads module
    • panel.layout package
      • panel.layout.accordion module
      • panel.layout.base module
      • panel.layout.card module
      • panel.layout.feed module
      • panel.layout.flex module
      • panel.layout.float module
      • panel.layout.grid module
      • panel.layout.gridstack module
      • panel.layout.modal module
      • panel.layout.spacer module
      • panel.layout.swipe module
      • panel.layout.tabs module
    • panel.links module
    • panel.models package
      • panel.models.ace module
      • panel.models.browser module
      • panel.models.chatarea_input module
      • panel.models.comm_manager module
      • panel.models.datetime_picker module
      • panel.models.datetime_slider module
      • panel.models.deckgl module
      • panel.models.echarts module
      • panel.models.enums module
      • panel.models.esm module
      • panel.models.feed module
      • panel.models.file_dropper module
      • panel.models.icon module
      • panel.models.ipywidget module
      • panel.models.jsoneditor module
      • panel.models.katex module
      • panel.models.layout module
      • panel.models.location module
      • panel.models.markup module
      • panel.models.mathjax module
      • panel.models.modal module
      • panel.models.perspective module
      • panel.models.plotly module
      • panel.models.quill module
      • panel.models.reactive_html module
      • panel.models.speech_to_text module
      • panel.models.state module
      • panel.models.tabs module
      • panel.models.tabulator module
      • panel.models.terminal module
      • panel.models.text_to_speech module
      • panel.models.time_picker module
      • panel.models.trend module
      • panel.models.vega module
      • panel.models.vizzu module
      • panel.models.vtk module
      • panel.models.widgets module
    • panel.pane package
      • panel.pane.vtk package
        • panel.pane.vtk.enums module
        • panel.pane.vtk.synchronizable_deserializer module
        • panel.pane.vtk.synchronizable_serializer module
        • panel.pane.vtk.vtk module
      • panel.pane.alert module
      • panel.pane.base module
      • panel.pane.deckgl module
      • panel.pane.echarts module
      • panel.pane.equation module
      • panel.pane.holoviews module
      • panel.pane.image module
      • panel.pane.ipywidget module
      • panel.pane.markup module
      • panel.pane.media module
      • panel.pane.perspective module
      • panel.pane.placeholder module
      • panel.pane.plot module
      • panel.pane.plotly module
      • panel.pane.streamz module
      • panel.pane.textual module
      • panel.pane.vega module
      • panel.pane.vizzu module
    • panel.param module
    • panel.pipeline module
    • panel.reactive module
    • panel.template package
      • panel.template.bootstrap package
      • panel.template.editable package
      • panel.template.fast package
        • panel.template.fast.grid package
        • panel.template.fast.list package
        • panel.template.fast.base module
      • panel.template.golden package
      • panel.template.material package
      • panel.template.react package
      • panel.template.slides package
      • panel.template.vanilla package
      • panel.template.base module
    • panel.theme package
      • panel.theme.base module
      • panel.theme.bootstrap module
      • panel.theme.fast module
      • panel.theme.material module
      • panel.theme.native module
    • panel.util package
      • panel.util.checks module
      • panel.util.parameters module
      • panel.util.warnings module
    • panel.viewable module
    • panel.widgets package
      • panel.widgets.base module
      • panel.widgets.button module
      • panel.widgets.codeeditor module
      • panel.widgets.debugger module
      • panel.widgets.file_selector module
      • panel.widgets.icon module
      • panel.widgets.indicators module
      • panel.widgets.input module
      • panel.widgets.misc module
      • panel.widgets.player module
      • panel.widgets.select module
      • panel.widgets.slider module
      • panel.widgets.speech_to_text module
      • panel.widgets.tables module
      • panel.widgets.terminal module
      • panel.widgets.text_to_speech module
      • panel.widgets.texteditor module
      • panel.widgets.widget module
  • Community
  • Upgrade Guide
  • FAQ
  • About
    • Releases
    • People
    • Roadmap

FOR DEVELOPERS

  • Developer Guide
    • Extensions
    • WASM
    • Developing custom models
  • panel.tests.command package

panel.tests.command package#

Submodules#

  • panel.tests.command.test_compile module
    • JSTestComponent
  • panel.tests.command.test_oauth_secret module
  • panel.tests.command.test_serve module

Module contents#

Support us with a star on GitHub
On this page
  • Submodules
  • Module contents

© Copyright 2019-2025 Holoviz contributors.

Created using Sphinx 8.1.3.

Built with the PyData Sphinx Theme 0.16.1.